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Hacking Course - Network Penetration Testing HackTheBox TryHackMe E-Books Library of tools from Kali Linux OS W3schools freeCodeCamp CodeAcademy Course 1 Course 2

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Python Basics

Comments Data Types Strings Numbers

Comments

You can write text that the program will ignore by beginning the line with a #, this helps with reminding you what certain code does or for explaining purposes.

py # This is a comment

Data Types

Variables can store data of different types, and different types can do different things.

Python has the following data types built-in by default, in these categories:
Text Type: str
Numeric Types: int, float, complex
Sequence Types: list, tuple, range
Mapping Type: dict
Set Types: set, frozenset
Boolean Type: bool
Binary Types: bytes, bytearray, memoryview

We will go more in-depth on some of these types in the next few paragraphs.

You can print the data type of a variable with the type() function:
py x = 5 print(type(x))

Strings

Strings are surrounded by either single quotation marks, or double quotation marks.


py 

x = "hello" 

y = 'hello' 

# single quotations and double quotation marks are the same

x == y # returns True

You can assign a multiline string to a variable by using three quotes:
py x = """The FitnessGram Pacer test is a multistage aerobic capacity test that progressively gets more difficult as it continues. The 20 meter Pacer test will begin in 30 seconds."""

You can check the length of a string using the len() function: py x = "hello" print(len(text)) # returns 5

Numbers

There are 2 primary, int and float

py x = 2 # int y = 2.8 # float

To verify the type of an object in Python, use the type() function:py print(type(x)) print(type(y))

Int, or integers, are whole numbers, positive or negative, without decimals.

Float is a number, positive or negative, containing one or more decimals.

Both strings and numbers are built-in data types.

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Phishing

Learn More Source

Phishing is a type of social engineering where an attacker sends a fraudulent (e.g., spoofed, fake, or otherwise deceptive) message designed to trick a human victim into revealing sensitive information to the attacker or to deploy malicious software on the victim's infrastructure like ransomware. Phishing attacks have become increasingly sophisticated and often transparently mirror the site being targeted.
As of 2020, phishing is by far the most common attack performed by cybercriminals

Types of Phishing

Email Phishing

Most phishing messages are delivered by email, and are not personalized or targeted to a specific individual or company–this is termed "bulk" phishing

Spear Phishing

Spear phishing involves an attacker directly targeting a specific organization or person with tailored phishing communications. This is essentially the creation and sending of emails to a particular person to make the person think the email is legitimate. In contrast to bulk phishing, spear phishing attackers often gather and use personal information about their target to increase their probability of success.

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Whaling Phising

Whaling is a highly targeted phishing attack - aimed at senior executives - masquerading as a legitimate email. Whaling is digitally enabled fraud through social engineering, designed to encourage victims to perform a secondary action, such as initiating a wire transfer of funds.

Watering Hole Attacks

Watering hole is a computer attack strategy in which an attacker guesses or observes which websites an organization often uses and infects one or more of them with malware. Eventually, some member of the targeted group will become infected.

Clone Phishing

Clone phishing is a type of phishing attack whereby a legitimate, and previously delivered email containing an attachment or link has had its content and recipient address(es) taken and used to create an almost identical or cloned email. The attachment or link within the email is replaced with a malicious version and then sent from an email address spoofed to appear to come from the original sender.

SMS Phishing

SMS phishing or smishing is conceptually similar to email phishing, except attackers use cell phone text messages to deliver the "bait". Smishing attacks typically invite the user to click a link, call a phone number, or contact an email address provided by the attacker via SMS message. The victim is then invited to provide their private data; often, credentials to other websites or services.

Voice Phishing

Attackers will dial a large quantity of telephone numbers and play automated recordings - often made using text to speech synthesizers - that make false claims of fraudulent activity on the victim's bank accounts or credit cards. The calling phone number will be spoofed to show the real number of the bank or institution impersonated. The victim is then directed to call a number controlled by the attackers, which will either automatically prompt them to enter sensitive information in order to "resolve" the supposed fraud, or connect them to a live person who will attempt to use social engineering to obtain information.

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